The Nestle Organistional Chart - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1335 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? According to Louis A. Allen as cited anon, Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives. According to Mooney and Railey, Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose. In short, organizing is the determining, grouping and arranging of the various activities deemed necessary for the attainment of the objectives, the assigning of people to those activities, the providing of suitable physical factors of environment and the indicating of the relative authority delegated to each individual charged with the execution of each respective activity. (Anon.n.d) . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Nestle Organistional Chart" essay for you Create order ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. Organizational structure determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between the different levels of management. Formal and informal organization A formal organization structure shows a recognisable chain of command, it also has many levels of management. This makes communication slower and decision making harder to implement. An informal structure is much more relaxed, with very few levels of management. This makes communication much easier between levels and decisions anr made faster. (Anon.n.d) Centralization and de-centralization Centralized organizational structures rely on one individual to make decisions and provide direction for the company. Small businesses often use this structure since the owner is responsible for the companys business operations. Decentralized organizational structures often have several individuals responsible for making business decisions and running the business. Decentralized organizations rely on a team environment at different levels in the business. Individuals at each level in the busi. (Osmond Vitez, Demand Media. (2009).) Span of control The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control. This number varies with the type of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more.( https://www.businessdictionary.com) Product Structure The product structure describes the information thats needed, or is produced, at each phase of the lifecycle. The workflow is defined as a set of tasks, characterised by resources, events, associated information, responsibilities, decision criteria, procedures to be used, and standards to be applied (Product Lifecycle Management,2011) Advantages 1. allows the business to make relatively quick decisions, and locate all personnel related to each other together 2. Clear focus on market segment helps meet customers needs. 3. Positive competition between divisions 4. Better control as each division can act as a separate profit centre Disadvantages: Redundancies often exist across product organizations as functional responsibilities are duplicated under each product organization. Economies of scale and scope are more difficult to achieve as this organization structure encourages less cooperation and coordination across the product units. Regional structure: One which takes account of the exclusive membership of countries which are geographical neighbours and identify closely with each other politically, not including non-regional members, although there are also quasi-regional organisations whose membership is basically limited to a geographical area of interest but which in practice includes non-regional members (The Structure and Process of International Law: Essays in Legal Philosophy, Doctrine, and Theory,1983) Advantages: The country organization is capable of sensing and understanding local conditions and is able to formulate strategies which effectively meet the needs of local stakeholders. Policies in areas such as human resource management can be tailored to meet the needs and expectations of local employees, product mix and design can be optimized for local conditions, and the organization can respond more quickly to changing circumstances on the ground. Disadvantages: The disadvantages of the area structure are similar to those of the product structure. Economies of scale will be harder to achieve as different localities develop and implement very different product strategies on one hand, and invest resources in developing local functional expertise and effort which may well be duplicated unnecessarily across geographic units. Function Structure: A functional structure is based on the primary tasks that have to be carried out, such as production, finance and accounting, marketing and personnel. This structure is typically found in smaller companies or those with a narrow, rather than diverse, range of services (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages Specialization each department focuses on its own work Accountability someone is responsible for the section Clarity know your and others roles Disadvantages Closed communication could lead to lack of focus Departments can become resistant to change Coordination may take too long Gap between top and bottom Matrix Structure A matrix structure is a combination of structures.it often takes the form of product and geographical divisions of functional and divisional structures operation in tandem (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages: The matrix allows functional efficiencies to be achieved while also allowing for the management of discrete product lines. Product managers remain focused on specific customer and product issues, yet can tap into the specialized support systems offered by strong functions. Where a geographic dimension is included in the structure, country managers or other local personnel can devote their attention to the development of location specific strategies. Communication and information sharing may be facilitated through the multiple dimensions. Disadvantages: The matrix is complex and often involves additional coordination costs. Confusion and ambiguity may result from multiple reporting relationships as a single individual may receive conflicting directi on from their various supervisors. Multidivisional Structure These divisions may be formed because of products, services, geographical areas or the processes of the organisation (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages: Profitable growth: when each division is its own profit centre, individual profitability can be clearly evaluated Internal labor market: the most able divisional managers are promoted to become corporate managers Disadvantages Managing the corporate-divisional relationship: finding the balance between centralization and decentralization Coordination problems between divisions: divisions start competing for resources and rivalry prevents cooperation CULTURE Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another (Foreign Market Entry and Culture,2009) Types of Culture Handys culture types (1978) The theorist Charles Handy identified the four main types of culture. Power culture wherever power is concentrated in a leader or top of the management team. Quite informal and flexible, it allows trusted staff to get on with the job. Role culture where the authority is arranged in a hierarchy and the power depends on formal status. Many rules and procedures can make change difficult. It is Mostly seen in large bureaucratic organizations. Task culture is purpose- and project-driven with leadership based on expertise for the task in hand. Often copes well with rapid change but may lack overall cohesion. Person culture stresses the individuals right to make decisions with shared rules only for mutual benefit. Effective for professionals and independent workers such as lawyers but may break up as conditions change. ((Kim Ann Zimmermann. (2012)) NESTLE ORGANISTIONAL CHART Functional Organization Chart Product https://www.nestle.com/asset-library/Documents/Library/Documents/Corporate_Governance/Oganisation_generale_externe_december_2012.pdf https://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/download/2012/2012_sustainability_rpt.pdf BIBLOGRAPHY Anon. (n.d). Definition, Meaning Characteristic of Organisation . Available: https://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/business-studies/organisation.html. Last accessed 9th Februray 2013. Anon. (n.d). Definition of formal and informal organization?. Available: https://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_formal_and_informal_organization. Last accessed 9th Feburary 2013. Osmond Vitez, Demand Media. (2009). Centralized Vs. Decentralized Organizational Structure. Available: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/centralized-vs-decentralized-organizational-structure-2785.html. Last accessed 9th Februray 2013. Kim Ann Zimmermann. (2012). What is Culture? Definition of Culture. Available: https://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html. Last accessed 27TH FEBURARY 2013. Anon. (2012). regional structure. Available: https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?ns=1cp=7080. Last accessed 3rd march 2013. Anon. (2013). functional organization. Available : https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/functional-organization.html. Last accessed 3rd march 2013. David Parker, Michael Craig, Michael A. Craig (2008). Managing Projects, Managing People. Australia : Macmillan Education AU. 23-26. Thomas Wagner (2009). Foreign Market Entry and Culture. Germany: GRIN Verlag. 2

Mgmt 5590 Final - 3153 Words

MNGT 5590 Fall2, 2010 Final Exam Even though this is a take-home final exam, it is not an open book/open note exam. Please complete it using only the vast knowledge you have acquired from class/studying and retained in your brain. This stuff means something only if you have cognitively processed it and absorbed it. There are 2 parts to the exam – a case with questions and some general questions. Remember: †¢ there is no credit given for filler †¢ lots of credit for organized concise thought †¢ legible typing (no fancy fonts) †¢ proper grammar and sentence structure counts †¢ and (of course) use of stuff we learned in class (books or class discussion) Also remember, repeating the question in the answer to make†¦show more content†¦Enron’s annual stockholder meeting in January 2001 was a study in corporate egotism. Executives met at a San Antonio, Texas hill country resort, and champagne and cigars were free for the taking. At this meeting, Lay boldly asserted that he expected Enron to become â€Å"the world’s greatest company.† On February 5, special bonus checks worth tens of millions of dollars were prepared for Enron executives. However, in what might have been the first outward sign of the trouble to come, Lay resigned as CEO in February 2001, keeping his position as chairman of the board, while Skilling was tapped to be his replacement. On the surface, Enron had the appearance of assured success, but underneath, a tangled web of deceit was slowly emerging. Fortune writer Bethany McLean, who has covered Enron extensively, prepared an article titled â€Å" Is Enron Overpriced?† in March 2001 , when the stock was valued at $80 per share, near its $90 per share high. The article, in part, noted, â€Å"The company remains largely impenetrable to outsiders, as even some of its admirers are quick to admit. Start with a pretty straightforward question: How exactly does Enron make its money? Details are hard to come by because Enron keeps many of the specifics confidential for what it terms ‘competitive’ reasons. The numbers that Enron does present are often extremely complicated. Even quantitatively minded Wall Streeters who scrutinize the company for a living think so.†Show MoreRelatedBudget Analysis I | GHIAL 2012 Essay2255 Words   |  10 Pagesexpenses. g. Your primary areas will be: i. Total revenue before CA ii. Total revenue after CA iii. Total operating costs iv. Capital costs v. Net accrual income vi. Add capital costs vii. Less cash capital costs viii. CASH FLOW 3. Your final insight will be the Summary Per Diem Case Study Assignment Part I Course: HA599 Unit: 2 Points: 75 Analysis Assignment As the health care administrator/manager of GHIAL you need to calculate all the rates as you were to review above onRead MoreBudget Analysis III | JKL CCRC Facility Essays3578 Words   |  15 Pageswords. Thanks! Budget Analysis III | JKL CCRC Facility This is your third and final budget analysis which is much more detailed in the aspect it relates to a Continuing Care Retirement Center (CCRC) that means it offers a vast array of health care services to a specific population. During this analysis you are continuing the process of per patient day (PPD) rates and utilize this information for your final Administrative Review. Efficiency in healthcare operations is becoming an increasingly

Phineas Gage Free Essays

Phineas Gage Paper The brain plays a significant role in cognitive functioning. The human brain is made up of various structures, and each of these structures is responsible for specific cognitive functions. Scientists and psychologists have conducted many studies and experiments in an effort to pinpoint which brain structures are responsible for certain cognitive functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Phineas Gage or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the past, technology was quite limited which left few options for studying the human brain. The only way to study the brain at this point in time was to perform studies on subjects that were already deceased. While this did help shed some light on cognitive functioning there were still many unanswered questions and misunderstandings about the brain and its functions. One particular case that has been linked to the brains role in cognition is that of Phineas Gage. Gage suffered a traumatic brain injury which altered his original cognitive functioning abilities. The case of Phineas Gage has left a lasting mark on the world of cognitive psychology and has been used as a prime example of how the brain affects cognitive functioning. Cognitive Functioning The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes as well as into left and right hemispheres. Martinez (2010, pp. 237) states that, â€Å"The cerebral cortex is the anatomical origin of the mind’s higher-order functions—reasoning, intelligence, creativity, and problem-solving—as well as the coordination of sensory input and motor control that helps us relate skillfully to our environments. † By segregating each structure of the cerebral cortex a greater understanding is achieved as to which section is responsible for certain cognitive functions. One important discovery was that the left and right hemisphere of the brain actually process information differently. Phineas Gage’s Life Changing Accident Phineas Gage’s life changing accident took place in the year of 1848. Gage worked on a railroad construction crew. When the accident occurred, Gage was using a tamping iron to fill holes in the ground with gunpowder. Doing so would allow space for the new railroad to be laid. Unfortunately for Phineas Gage, an unexpected explosion occurred which sent the tamping iron straight through his skull. The tamping iron entered through Gage’s left heek bone and exited through the top of his skull. Amazingly enough, Gage was conscious and able to walk just a few minutes after the accident took place. Due to the massive wounds, Phineas Gage was not expected to survive when he arrived to a local physician named John Martin Harlow. Harlow had to remove small bone fragments from the wound and then closed the primary wound o n the top of Gage’s head using adhesive straps and a wet compress. This allowed the wound to drain. Gage was never surgically treated for his wounds. Gage suffered three major injuries as a result of his accident. Despite the extremely traumatic injuries that Gage sustained from his accident, he was able to recover and by 1849 Gage was leading a seemingly normal life. However, shortly after Gage’s recovery those closest to him began noticing dramatic changes in his overall demeanor. His wife and family members noted a significant change in his personality. Harlow also noticed changes within Gage’s personality. Harlow was allowed to examine Gage’s body a few years after his death. By examining Gage’s brain and skull Harlow was able to determine what structures of the brain were harmed by the accident. This allowed Harlow to make connections between Gage’s change in behavior prior to and after the accident. He was able to â€Å"estimate from the skull that damage had occurred mainly to the left anterior part of the frontal lobes, including the orbitofrontal cortex† (Wickens, 2005, p. 160). This type of damage seemed to lead to inappropriate behaviors and a loss of social inhibitions, which were not apparent prior to the accident (Deakin University, 2010). Harlow’s observations allowed him to write several publications which became very significant within the field of psychology. His publications were aimed towards uncovering that damage to certain areas of the brain can result in dysfunctions within the cognitive system. Gage sustained the most damage to the orbitofrontal cortex. This part of the brain is believed to play a role in emotional behavior and decision making processes, which is likely why Gage experienced such a significant change in behavior after the accident. Gage’s accident is significant because it enabled psychologists and scientists â€Å"to associate that the frontal lobes are essential to cognitive and emotional self-regulation† (Martinez, 2010, p. 46). Conclusion Cognitive functioning is attributed primarily to the inner workings of the human brain. The major structures that make up the brain each play an exclusive role in certain cognitive functions. The discoveries made by studying Gage’s brain injuries and the effect that they had on his behavior and personality has made a lasting impression on the field of psych ology. Gage’s accident led to many new theories and studies to uncover how brain injuries and illnesses could affect cognitive functioning. Without a proper understanding of the brain and its crucial role in behavior and mental processes it would be impossible to comprehend the various cognitive functions that exist. References Deakin University. (2010). Phineas Gage’s Story. Psychology: Phineas Gage Information. Retrieved June 18, 2011 from http://www. deakin. edu. au/hmnbs/psychology/gagepage/Pgstory. php Martinez, M. , E. (2010). Learning and cognition: The design of the mind. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. Wickens, A. , P. (2005). Foundation of biopsychology. (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Pearson Prentice Hall Inc. How to cite Phineas Gage, Papers

Final Strategic Business Plan free essay sample

The vision of SolarCity is to become the predominant solar installation and finance company in North America. SolarCity wants to educate property owner of all types of the benefits of renewable energy. SolarCity is to dominate the market space by becoming a household name and set the standard of excellence for all solar installation contractors in North America (â€Å"SolarCity†, 2012). Define your guiding principles or values for your selected business considering the topics of culture, social responsibility, and ethics.Thompson, Gamble, and Strickland (2006) define a company’s values as â€Å"A company’s values are the beliefs, business principles, and practices that guide the conduct of its business, the pursuit of its strategic vision, and the behavior of company personnel† (p. 19). SolarCity strives to reach excellence in all aspects. This starts from the first point of contact to the potential customer all the way through follow up referral retrieval from completed projects. SolarCity believes in honest communication between employees, departments, and to consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Strategic Business Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All SolarCity employees are to be held to the utmost standards of customer service because without satisfied customers SolarCity’s vision will never come to fruition. Analyze how the vision, mission, and values guide the organization’s strategic direction. The vision, mission, and values directly guide SolarCity’s Strategic direction. â€Å"Effectively communicating the strategic vision down the line to lower-level managers and employees is as important as the strategic soundness of the long-term direction top management has chosen† (Thompson, Gamble, and Strickland, 2012, p. 8). It is imperative to keep the vision, mission, and values in mind when choosing a strategic direction. Once the strategic direction is set all management must have a firm understanding of where SolarCity is today and where SolarCity is to be in the future. Evaluate how the organization addresses customer needs and critique how they achieve and sustain competitive advantage. Two very important aspects to consider are customer need and competitive advantage. SolarCity customers are most interested in saving money.Utility companies are charging more and more for electricity and the cost for a property owner to produce their own electricity is declining rapidly. Because of SolarCity’s large financing capabilities SolarCity is able to provide PV solar electric systems for no money out of pocket and instant savings to the customer. The vast amount of funding received for SolarCity financing capabilities allow for SolarCity to sustain competitive advantage by purchasing solar modules and materials in bulk for a large discount. SWOTT AnalysisExternal Legal and Regulatory External Economic External Innovation Internal Processes and Systems Internal Resources Internal Goals Internal Leadership SolarCity’s Balanced Scorecard SolarCitys vision is to install solar electric systems to the highest engineering standards while making the switch simple for customers. SolarCity has revolutionized the way energy is delivered by giving customers a cleaner, more affordable alternative to their monthly utility bill. Financial Perspective| | | | Objectives | Measures| Targets | Initiatives|